KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5A and KIR2DL5B Genes Induce Susceptibility to Dengue Virus Infection, while KIR3DL3 and KIR2DS5 Confer Protection.

Background and Objectives: Dengue fever (DF), an emerging and re-emerging viral disease, is a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of KIRs genes polymorphism and KIRs genotypes in susceptibility to dengue virus infection and disease severity in a population from Burkina Faso through a case-control study. Methods: KIRs genes determination was performed using PCR-SSP in 50 patients infected by dengue virus (DENV) and 54 Healthy controls (HC) subjects who had never been infected. Results: Data analysis showed significant association between frequencies of three KIR genes and dengue virus infection (DF): KIR2DL2 (OR: 7.32; IC: 2.87-18.65; P < 0.001); KIR2DL5A (OR: 15.00, IC: 5.68-39.59; P < 0.001) and KIR2DL5B (OR: 11.43; IC: 4.42-29; P < 0.001). While, KIR3DL3 (OR: 0.13, IC: 0.052-0.32; P < 0.001) and KIR2DS5 (OR: 0.12; IC: 0.04-0.30; P < 0.001) were associated with protection against DF. KIR2DL4 (OR: 9.75; IC95%: 1.33-70.97; p: 0.03) and KIRD3DL1 (OR: 12.00; IC95%: 1.60-90.13; p: 0.02) were associated with an increased risk in the development of secondary dengue infection (SDI). Conclusion: The results suggest a contribution of KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5A, and KIR2DL5B genes in the susceptibility of DF development. In contrast, KIR3DL3 and KIR2DS5 were associated with protection against DF development by enhancing both innate and acquired immune responses.

Polymorphism of MMP1 and MMP3 promoter regions and HR-HPV infection in women from Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire.

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the promoter region of MMP-1 (at 1607 bp) and MMP-3 (at 1171 bp) create Ets binding sites. Correlations between these SNPs and sensitivity to several biological processes such as metastasis and recurrence of cancer have been reported in several studies. In this case-control study, we looked for these SNPs in women infected with or not with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV). The frequency, distribution and correlation of these SNPs with the presence or absence of HR-HPV infection were evaluated. Genotypes 1G1G, 1G2G and 2G2G for MMP1 and genotypes 5A5A, 5A6A, 6A6A for MMP3 were found in our study population. In general, we noted that the 1G (40.8%) and 2G (64.8%) alleles were more frequent in non-infected women and infected women, respectively, and more specifically this difference was significant in women from Côte d'Ivoire. These results, although yet to be reaffirmed with assays for quantifying the mRNA of these genes, suggest that the SNP of the MMP-1 promoter could promote infection with HR-HPV.

Characterization of High-risk Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Histologically Confirmed Ear, Nose and Throat (Ent) Cancers in Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV-HR) infections are responsible for 99.99% of cervico-uterine cancers and 50% of carcinomas of the oropharynx. OBJECTIVE: To characterize high-risk HPV genotypes (HPV-HR) in histologically confirmed ear, nose and throat (ENT) cancers in Ouagadougou. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight archived tissues from the ENT sphere, obtained over the last ten years (2007 to 2017) and histologically diagnosed in anatomy and pathology-cytology laboratories in Ouagadougou were included. These tissues were dewaxed with xylene; HPV DNA extraction was performed and HPV-HR were researched by real-time multiplex PCR. RESULTS: Among the fourteen HPV-HR genotypes tested for, seven were identified. The prevalence of HPV-HR infection was 15.6%. The most common genotypes were: HPV56 (45%) and HPV33 (20%). Squamous cell carcinomas accounted for 75% of cases, followed by lymphomas for 10%. The age range was between 5 and 80 years. CONCLUSION: The results show the involvement of a diversity of HPV-HR genotypes and a high frequency of HPV56 and HPV33 in ENT cancers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The appropriate HPV vaccination will considerably reduce the number of these cancers.
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Implication of low risk human papillomaviruses, HPV6 and HPV11 in laryngeal papillomatosis in Burkina Faso.

PURPOSE: Laryngeal papillomatosis is the most common benign tumor of the larynx of children. It is characterized by the development of exophytic proliferative lesions in the mucosa of the airways. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recognized as a causal agent among which HPV types 6 and 11 are the most frequently implicated. This disease affects the vocal cords and other important functions of the child. The difficulty of treatment is related to the high recurrence of papilloma growth after surgical removal. The objective of this study was to describe the implication of HPV6 and HPV11 in cases of laryngeal papillomatosis histologically confirmed in Ouagadougou. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study based on histologically diagnosed archival tissue; obtained in the last ten years (2007 to 2017) in the anatomy and cyto-pathology laboratories in Burkina Faso. These fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were deparaffinized with xylene before HPV DNA extraction; then HPV6 and HPV 11 were identified by real-time multiplex PCR. RESULTS: The prevalence of low-risk HPV infection (HPV-LR) was 54.84% in histologically confirmed laryngeal papillomatosis in Ouagadougou. Among the HPV-LR positive samples, HPV6 and HPV11 genotype prevalence's were respectively 41.17% and 35.3% while the HPV6 / HPV11 co-infection was 23.53%. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the implication of HPV6 and HPV11 in laryngeal papillomatosis in Burkina Faso with a high prevalence.